Who Are You Calling "Pollyana"? Posted by David Shorr

 

The importance of shared interests is on my top three list of misunderstood elements of the engagement strategy, so I'll take another stab at straightening the record. This time the provocation comes from Daniel Drezner's review of Secretary Clinton's CFR Speech. Drezner lists the following critique among the 'bad' parts of the speech in his tally of the good, the bad and the BS: 

The overestimation of shared interests.  Clinton talked about, "international diplomacy aimed at rallying nations to solve common problems and achieve shared aspirations" as a constant of American foreign policy.  That's great -- but what about the areas where values and aspirations are not shared?  There were far too many Pollyannish paragraphs in this speech.

Contrary to appearances, the stressing of shared interests is not merely a fudging over of divergent interests or empty rhetoric. In fact, the appeal to common interests is based on a strategy for how to overcome differences in an age of growing international interdependence. When countries disagree over an issue, the substance of any solution will be shaped by bargaining, compromise, brinksmanship, etc. This isn't news to anyone.

The more fundamental problem, one that hangs over the entire enterprise of international cooperation, is to induce world leaders to do politically and diplomatically difficult things. From climate change to Middle East peace to balanced economic growth, the immediate benefits of the deal on the negotiating table won't be enough to make it attractive. For most of the issues on the international agenda, progress hinges on a widespread awareness of needing to tackle a problem despite its intractability and the surrounding swirl of differing interests. As I said in a longer post on the same subject, it's not hard to think of an anaology in day-to-day life. When we talk about individuals needing to make wise choices, we say it's in their "own best interests," which parallels this approach to foreign policy pretty closely.

What do we do about actors that are more fundamentally at cross-purposes? The answer is similar. When it comes to renegades or defectors, you want the broadest, strongest possible international coalition helping reinforce the price of ostracism. Sometimes I describe this strategy in terms of the social contract and the analogy with local communities. We're trying to strengthen the law-abiding majority in the community of nations.

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