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May 28, 2010

Is a Less Ambitious Foreign Policy a Good Thing?
Posted by Shadi Hamid

Michael Cohen has awoken me from blogging slumber, writing approvingly of Obama's National Security Strategy and its - I'm not sure if this is the right word - prudence. Each of his major points, on their own, are quite reasonable but, taken together, worry me. He writes:

Indeed, one of the more positive elements of this NSS is the focus on getting America's house in order... But at some point there has to be an actual, not rhetorical recognition that every global problem is not necessarily America's problem or requires an American solution.

This all sounds so eminently reasonable that I almost feel bad criticizing it. How could anyone, especially a liberal, argue with this? Such statements are great as long as they're meant to infuse American foreign policy with humility and a recognition of the limits of power. But I worry that they may lead - and, actually, already have led - us down a dangerous path. Political actors act not according to some objective reality but to how they perceive reality. If we believe that our relative power in the international arena is declining, then we will act as if it has declined. And, then, it will, well, have declined, irrespective of any actual decline in power. 

The animating feature of the Left has always been, at least for me, a very acute sense that injustice must be fought, that complicity is not an option, that as much power must be excercised with humility, it must be wielded for good, for the the good not just of ourselves but of others. That's why, while I was staunchly against the Iraq war, I could manage to respect those who supported it for the right reasons, out of a principled, and perhaps overwrought, hatred of autocracy.

So when we start talking about "getting our house in order," and our own problems rather than the problems of others, I think of what happened to Afghanistan in the late 1980s or when Bush the father betrayed the Iraqis uprising against Saddam in 1991, or how Bush the son turned his back on Arab democracy in 2006. These were betrayals - and they were done in the name of American interests, narrowly defined.

Along these lines, James Fallows writes approvingly of this section from Obama's recent West Point speech:

We understand change doesn't come quick. We understand that neither America nor any nation can dictate every outcome beyond its borders. We know that a world of mortal men and women will never be rid of oppression or evil.

Again, sounds pretty reasonable. But I also imagine it must be music to the ears of autocrats everywhere, waiting patiently for our decline. Yes, change doesn't come quick, at least not often. But why do we have to concede that when it's quite obvious that, for decades, the United States, at least in the developing world, has not been an agent of change but a dogged protector of the status quo? Why do we need a president to clarify, perhaps unwittingly, what is already so obvious to others - that we have consistently worked against  change in so many countries in the Middle East and Latin America that it's difficult to list them. 

And, by the way, sometimes, change does come quick. It certainly came quick during the democratic transitions of the 1980s and 1990s in Latin America and Eastern Europe. In fact, some changes almost invariably happen quickly and rapidly.

This seems like an odd time to narrow the scope of our ambition. It is possible to be ambitious, and to aspire to something great, bold, and risky, and to do it well, and to do it without imposition and with respect. If anything, it is our failure to act - say when our allies our repressing their own people - that signifies a contempt for the rights of others. I sense some false choices here. 

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I think this debate is a bit muddied by a lack of distinction between means and ends. There's difference between liberals about the most effective methods to peacefully pursue democratization and human rights around the world, but there's not really a first principles debate there.

However, there is a debate on whether it is justified to use military means to pursue those same goals do to the massive negative side effects of military methods.

Criticizing our allies when they repress their own people and ultimately distancing ourselves from those allies seems like a terrific idea to me, but it's one we can accomplish without using military means.

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