Recognizing when China acts responsibly Posted by Jacob Stokes

A new piece out today in the Times by Yan Xuetong, professor of political science and dean of the Institute of Modern International Relations at Tsinghua University in Beijing, argues that the philosophical underpinnings of the Chinese foreign policy establishment are shifting. Deng Xioaping’s admonition to lay low on the international stage is, according to Yan, giving way to a more “Confucian” conception. Yan explains:

Our group of thinkers draws inspiration from ancient Chinese philosophy, which regards both material capability and morality as necessary conditions for building strong and durable global leadership. For the sake of making itself a rising power that is welcomed by the rest of the world, China should act as a humane authority (wang in Chinese) and take on more international responsibilities to improve its strategic credibility. 

This is a trend America and the rest of the world should encourage. “Moral” actions in the conception that Yan explains above are likely have lots of overlap with what Robert Zoellick meant when he famously called on China to act as a “responsible stakeholder.” In other words, more of such actions would benefit the world. (As for the material  part, China already has that down.)

For that to happen though, the rest of the world – and America in particular – needs to recognize when China is acting to support global goods. Recently there have been several moves by China that indicate a shift towards helping to carry the burden of global leadership. Building on its decision in 2008 to help anti-piracy efforts in the Gulf of Aden, this week China announced that it provided its first escort to ships from the World Food Program, guiding civilian craft along the coast of Somalia.

And as NPR points out and Yan describes, the Chinese response to earthquake in Japan has been stunningly conciliatory, especially considering the deep historical enmity between the two countries. Yan again:

Soon after Japan’s devastating earthquake, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao expressed deep sympathy and solicitude to the Japanese government and the people. Chinese rescue teams were mobilized and sent to help with the recovery process, and the Chinese Red Cross donated funds to Japan. Even Chinese Defense Minister Liang Guanglie publicly offered possible military rescue help. The Chinese media has been flooded with sympathetic accounts of Japanese civility in the midst of disasters. 

When China acts as it did towards Japan, the international community – officials, analysts, media, everyone – should recognize it. Noting the differences between bullying global power projection (as we saw with belligerent actions by China earlier this year in the South China Sea and elsewhere) and China acting as a responsible stakeholder will make a huge difference in perception and incentives. It’s the difference between international actions towards China being understood by Chinese policymakers as a real desire for the Middle Kingdom to be responsible and international responses seeming to reaffirm what Chinese leaders are already predisposed to think: that the West and its allies are trying to contain China’s rise in any form it may take. That’s no small difference. 

This is not to say America should not stand up to China when it pushes too hard or attempts to undermine global norms. This piece by Edward Wong in the New York Times about how China has backed down from belligerent assertions about the South China Sea as a “core interest” because the U.S. stood firmly behind agreements with regional powers shows that pushing back, aided by regional and international coalitions to be most effective, should be done when necessary. But responses to Chinese actions on the international stage need to take pains to recognize the difference between responsible and irresponsible behavior – and treat the two accordingly.

Photo: AP, via NPR.

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